Copper Sulfur Abstract. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 292 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Synthesis of a Compound Jana Lujan Chemistry / Period 1 9/10/10 The objective for this lab was to study the reaction between two elements (Cu and S). The major concepts that were observed throughout this experiment were physical and chemical properties. The end result of this lab was a chemical property because the elements completely changed states going from a solid to a liquid. Although the state of the elements altered, the matter was not destroyed or created but only rearranged which is an idea that was developed by Dalton. This idea is known as the Law for The Conservation of Matter. We observed the reaction between copper and sulfur before, during and after being heated. We measured small amounts of copper and sulfur and added them to a test tube. Then, we attached a balloon to the open end of a test tube to secure any gases that would have escaped if it was left open. Following that, we connected and secured a test tube clamp to the center for several reasons, one was being so that as lab conductors we would have a safe place to hold the test tube without being burned. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Copper Sulfur Abstract." essay for you Create order We then proceeded to heat the test tube and observe the elements change states of matter. After heating we let the experiment sit for a few minutes and wrote down observations. When working to find the group and class data it is important to calculate the information correctly because it could have a significant effect on the class statistics as a whole. The percent error of my group was eighteen percent, The main goal was to have a change in mass of ‘zero’ but due to different sources of error, most groups were not able to get to that conclusion.

Macbeth, By William Shakespeare - 716 Words

In Macbeth, Shakespeare first builds Macbeth’s character as a courageous and capable warrior through the wounded captain’s account of his valor on the battlefield. However, this perspective is complicated as a result of Macbeth’s interaction with the three witches, in which the notion that his physical courage is accompanied with an insatiable yet empty ambition and a tendency to self-doubt becomes known. These three attributes: bravery, ambition, and self-doubt, struggle for mastery of Macbeth throughout the play. As the story progresses, Macbeth’s ambition spurs him into regrettable action in which self-doubt and guilt cause him to undergo intense inner conflict between right and wrong, causing a domino effect which evidently leads to more malicious actions and the death of his wife. Macbeth may be classified as irrevocably evil, but his weak character separates him from Shakespeare’s great villains—Richard III in Richard III, Edmund in Kin g Lear, Iago in Othello—who are all strong enough to conquer guilt and self-doubt. Macbeth, despite the great warrior he is, is ill equipped for the psychic consequences of his actions. In Act 5, Scene 5, Shakespeare uses Macbeth to demonstrate the dreadful effects that empty ambition can have on a man who lacks strength of character, using a temporal tone to highlight the futility of life and answering the question: can a lust for power lead to loss of humanity? In the first half of the monologue, Shakespeare stresses the temporalShow MoreRelatedMacbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words   |  3 PagesThe play Macbeth is written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to be written between 1603 and 1607 and set in eleventh century Scotland. It is also believed to be first performed in 1606. It is considered to be one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies. Macbeth, set in Scotland, dramatizes the psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen to fulfill t he ambition of power. The Tragedy of Macbeth is Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy and tells the story of Macbeth, a ScottishRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1425 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Just Can’t Wait To Be King Everyone has a quality that they do not like about themselves. Some people struggle to be social, others may be too controlling of people. The list goes on and on, but the point is that everybody has a particular quality that they must learn to control or else that particular quality can get out of hand. Of course, one could write a list of characters that have major flaws. There is no better example than William Shakespeare’s character, Macbeth, in The TragedyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1409 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air.† On October 17th, I had the pleasure of going to see Macbeth performed at the Shakespeare Tavern. Along with its reputation for being â€Å"cursed,† Macbeth is also known as one of the crown jewels of William Shakespeare’s repertoire. In my opinion, the central concept of this particular retelling of the play was the murkiness of character. Throughout the pla y, the many characters go through fierce temptation and strife, and noneRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1203 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth is a play based on King James I, it was written by William Shakespeare, however this play isn’t a king and queen fairy tale, but it’s a play about greed and guilt, chaos and murder and three evil witches who use prophecies to influence Macbeth to do bad things, using flattery would instigate his inner ambition to become king, which in the end doesn’t lead to a very happy ending. Shakespeare’s, Macbeth, was written in the early Jacobean period. During those times, women had no power, theyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1243 Words   |  5 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth†, the author portrays the main character Macbeth as a very tortured and flawed individual whose actions only serve to further unravel him. He is conflicted and power hungry, which drives him to perform evil murders and become a ruthless person. Macbeth’s moral compass is not resilient enough to withstand his wife’s manipulations and he is provoked to act on his malicious thoughts of murder. The author explores the terrible effects that ambition and guilt can haveRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesreaction†. Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a tale which illuminates the consequences of violating the â€Å"Natural order†, the hierarchy of beings in the universe. When Macbeth, a warrior wel l-known for his courage and bravery, murders King Duncan acting on his unchecked ambition to claim the throne, the order was disrupted, the result†¦chaos. Shakespeare uses symbolism to illustrate the atmosphere of the play as the natural order is flung into a state of turmoil. These techniques used by Shakespeare is usedRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1483 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent references in the play of how a king deals with power and if they use it for better or for their own personal gain. In the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, Macbeth’s obsession with his journey to power leads to his failure. This obsession is demonstrated through the prophecies, the murder of his best friend Banquo, and his own demise. Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. This is indicated throughout the play with theRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1045 Words   |  5 PagesBlood appears in only two forms, but many times in Macbeth by William Shakespeare; between the war scene at the beginning of the play and the lifting of Macbeth’s severed being lifted by Macduff at the end. It can be said that Macbeth could have been written in blood that there is such a large amount. What is unique about blood in Macbeth is that the â€Å"imaginary blood† or the guilt that the murderer feels plays more of a role of understand and amplifying the theme of the play, that blood is guiltRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1431 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth, though originally a valiant and prudent soldier, deteriorates into an unwise king whose rash decisions conclusively end in the atrophy of his title, power, and position. Several facto rs contribute to the downfall of Macbeth, which produce a contagion effect and ultimately end with his demise. He receives help from his â€Å"inner ambitions and external urgings† which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). The â€Å"external urgings† consist of the weird sisters who disclose his prophecies, which enlightenRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare2060 Words   |  9 Pagesthe green one red Macbeth Quote (Act II, Sc. II). Out, out, brief candle! Life s but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is heard no more: it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. Macbeth Quote (Act V, Scene V). These quotes have been taken from play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare. Like these quotes there are hundreds and thousands of such heart touching quotes written by Shakespeare in his many different

Managerial Economics - 12384 Words

|Managerial Economics | | | |UNIT -I | | | |[Pick the date] | | | | | Concept of Managerial Economics The discipline of†¦show more content†¦- Spencer and Siegelman: concerned with application of the economic concepts and economic analysis to the problems of formulating rational managerial decision. - Edwin Mansfield SCOPE OF MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS The scope of managerial economics includes following subjects: 1. Theory of demand 2. Theory of production 3. Theory of exchange or price theory 4. Theory of profit 5. Theory of capital and investment 6. Environmental issues, which are enumerated as follows: 1. Theory of Demand: According to Spencer and Siegelman, â€Å"A business firm is an economic organisation which transforms productivity sources into goods that are to be sold in a market†. a. Demand analysis: Analysis of demand is undertaken to forecast demand, which is a fundamental component in managerial decision-making. Demand forecasting is of importance because an estimate of future sales is a primer for preparing production schedule and employing productive resources. Demand analysis helps the management in identifying factors that influence the demand for the products of a firm. Thus, demand analysis and forecasting is of prime importance to business planning. b. Demand theory: Demand theory relates to the study of consumer behaviour. It addresses questions such as what incites a consumer to buy a particularShow MoreRelatedManagerial Questions On Managerial Economics1736 Words   |  7 Pages MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS MANDIP SINGH SETHI K1300050 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 TYPES OF DISECONOMIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 DECENTRALIZATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 REFERENCE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 What are managerial diseconomies of scale and what, if anything, can be done about this phenomenon? DecreasingRead MoreManagerial Economics1517 Words   |  7 Pagestickets. Rachel Green, manager for the Sherman Oaks office, has been asked to recommend an appropriate level of advertising. In thinking about this problem, Green noted its resemblance to the optimal resource employment problem studied in a managerial economics course. The advertising/sales relation could be thought of as a production function, with advertising as an input and sales as the output. The problem is to determine the profit-maximizing level of employment for the input, advertising, inRead MoreManagerial Economics4591 Words   |  19 PagesMB0042 - Managerial Economics ASSIGNMENT SET I: Ans.1. The price elasticity of demand is not the same for all commodities. It may be or low depending upon number of factors. The factors which influence price elasticity of demand, in brief, are as under:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (i) Nature   of Commodities. In developing countries of the world, the per capital income of the people is generally low. They spend a greater amount of their income on the purchaseRead MoreManagerial Economics1932 Words   |  8 PagesMBA 5600 Managerial Economics Assignment #1 1. What impact will the prospect of deprivatization have on investment by managers of privatized firms? The impact will be: - Loosing corporate focus; - Missing planned CEO turnover; - Affecting planned managerial objects and strategic efficiency Obviously, normal managers invest in long-term projects, products and services, deprivatization may come up with a different strategy that not aligned with corporate goals and its profit will probablyRead MoreManagerial Economics2909 Words   |  12 PagesSEMESTER 2014 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS – BMME5103 ASSIGNMENT (60%) Name: NGUYá »â€žN THá »Å  MINH HIá »â‚¬N Class: MBAOUM0514-K14A Question 1 a. What is (are) the main difference(s) between a monopolistically competitive market and a monopoly market? Their characteristics are different: |Monopolistically competitive market |Monopoly market | |Large number of small firms: Read MoreManagerial Economics Assignment952 Words   |  4 PagesMS- 09: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT Course Code : MS- 09 Course Title : Managerial Economics Assignment Code : 9/TMA/SEM-II/2010 Coverage : All Blocks Attempt All the Questions. â€Å"A close relationship between management and economics has led to the development of managerial economics.† Explain this statement. BOOK NO 1 PAGE NO. 7 Managerial Economics consists of the use of economic modes of thought to analyse business situation Spencer and Siegelman haveRead MoreManagerial Economics ( Bus529ah1 )1154 Words   |  5 Pages Managerial Economics (BUS529AH1) Final Exam Question 1. (a). Marginal Revenue (MR) is the adjustment altogether income because of a unit change in amount. So also Marginal cost (MC) is the additional cost of producing a unit. These two ideas are extremely helpful in ideal designation of assets. Assets will mean all variables of creation utilized as a partRead MoreEssay on Managerial Economics679 Words   |  3 PagesGus Bonilla MBA 217 Managerial Economics Individual Assignment 2) A firm’s product sells for $2 per unit in a highly competitive market. The firm produces output using capital (which it rents at $75 per hour) and labor (which is paid a wage of $15 per hour under a contract for 20 hours of labor services). Complete the following table and use that information to answer the questions that follow. K | L | O | MPK | APK | APL | VMPK | 0 | 20 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 20 | 50 | 50 | 50Read MoreManagerial Economics Essay5339 Words   |  22 PagesManagerial Economics: A Problem-Solving Approach 2nd Edition End-of-Chapter Questions and Answers Table of Contents Chapters 1 and 2 - Introduction and The One Lesson of Business 5 Multiple Choice Questions 5 Multiple Choice Key 5 Short Answer Questions 6 Short Answer Key 6 Chapter 3 - Benefits, Costs, and Decisions 8 Multiple Choice Questions 8 Multiple Choice Key 8 Short Answer Questions 9 Short Answer Key 10 Chapter 4 - Extent (How Much) DecisionsRead MoreManagerial Economics and Globalization997 Words   |  4 PagesECO 550: Managerial Economics and Globalization Assignment 3 Instructor: Dr. A. A. Boakye Due By: 08/08/2011 Candidate’s Name-Andre Stevenson INSTRUCTIONS: Answer ALL the questions in PART I and PART II Part 1 (40 points) 1. The WXY Corporation has fixed costs of $50. Its total variable costs (TVC) vary with output as shown in the following table. Refer to the table. The average total cost of 4 units of output is A. $27.50 B. $40.00 C. $52.50 D. $210.00 2

Enterprise Architecture Essay - 713 Words

BACKGROUND There is a strong need and business case for standardization of technologies and requirements used to design, build, and implement solutions for the 24 Presidential Priority E-Gov initiatives. Without standardization and the recommendation of technologies, agencies risk building and deploying solutions that use proprietary technologies, are not aligned to the Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) and isolate themselves from other initiatives and cross-agency business functions. To mitigate these risks, the FEAProgram Management Office (PMO) created a Component-Based Architecture that defines a set of recommendations that should be considered when selecting the tools, technologies, and industrystandards that will be used to†¦show more content†¦
Establishes linkages between relevant governmentwide entities (i.e., CIO Council, XML Working Group) to ensure that standards, best practices, and lessons learned are leveraged across the entire government.
Selects, recommends, and assists in the deployment of technologies that are proven, stable, interoperable, portable, secure, and scalable.
Facilitates the migration and transition of E-Gov initiatives from legacy and â€Å"inward-driven† architectures, to architectures that embrace component-driven methodologies and technology reuse. FEDERAL ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM MANAGEMENT OFFICE (FEA-PMO) Solution Architecture Working Group (SAWG) Draft v1.0 7/17/2002 2
Identifies and quickly capitalizes on opportunities to leverage, share, and reuse technologies to support common business requirements, activities, and operations across the Federal Government.
Champions the creation and propagation of intellectual capital (IC) that can assist in EGovernment transformation. KEY OBJECTIVES The SAWG has defined several key objectives to help agencies leverage the skills and capabilities of the working group. These include (but are not limited to): 1. Generation and Distribution of IC. Generate IC on an on-going basis and maintain it within aShow MoreRelatedThe Enterprise Architecture ( Ea ) Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesBody Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a process of describing the structure and behavior of an enterprise (including its information systems), then planning and governing changes to improve the integrity and flexibility of the enterprise. â€Å"Well Gartner defines EA is the process of translating business vision and strategy into effective enterprise change by creating, communicating and improving the key requirements, principles and models that describe the enterprise’s future state and enable its evolution†Read MoreEnterprise Architecture Proposal2278 Words   |  10 PagesBachelor in Information Technology Program U10a2 Enterprise Architecture Proposal for Ralph’s Ribs For IT3200, Section 05 Rolando Rueda-de-Leon Submitted 9/17/2010 Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Analysis of the existing foundation for execution 4 Organization Chart 5 Definition of the Operating Model for Ralph’s Ribs 5 Business Process Standardization 6 Recommended Process Standardization 6 Comparison of Operating ModelRead MoreEnterprise Architecture ( Ea )1567 Words   |  7 PagesEnterprise architecture (EA) is â€Å"a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning and implementation, using a holistic approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy. Enterprise architecture applies architecture principles and practices to guide organizations through the business, information, process, and technology changes necessary to execute their strategies. These practices utilize the various aspects of an enterprise to identifyRead MoreStructure And Operation Of A Enterprise Architecture2234 Words   |  9 PagesTOPIC A1 Enterprise Architecture EA is about designing, managing and planning an organization/firm’s IT assets, people, and processes so it can achieve business strategy/goals providing benefit to the business.An enterprise architecture (EA) is a conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and operation of an organization. The intent of enterprise architecture is to understand how an organization can most effectively achieve its current and future objectives. Importance of EA ïÆ'Ëœ Holistic ApproachRead MoreStructure And Behaviour Of An Enterprise Architecture759 Words   |  4 PagesEnterprise Architecture There are a number of definitions that exist of Enterprise Architecture. An enterprise is a collaborative collection of sub-organizations with a shared objective. Architecture is a description of the structure and behaviour of a system. Therefore enterprise architecture is a documentation describing the structure and behaviour of an enterprise including its information systems. There is need for flexibility and resilience in Enterprise Architecture. A lot depends on what sortRead MoreEnterprise Architecture, Questions and Answer 1754 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor issues in the practice of Enterprise Architecture. Enterprise Architecture continues to grow and expand with the growth and widespread integration of enterprise systems. With this progress there are consistently new problems which arise regarding Enterprise Architecture and its applications. Three of the major current issues which are faced by majority of Enterprise Architects are that Architects have no control over organisational changes, Enterprise Architecture is enormously time consumingRead MoreApplication Of The Traditional Enterprise Architecture Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe traditional enterprise architecture, is currently using MPLS as a sole mean for connectivity with small internet traffic. Due to recent shifts in the marketplace the traditional architecture is challenging to satisfy todays enterprise environments. The shift includes emerging technologies that require emerging cloud computing, video and technologies. Networking departments face a challenge with organization and resulting in performance issues, requiring extensive network re-design. ManagedRead MoreImplementing Enterprise Architecture For A Private Bank917 Words   |  4 PagesProject Environment: This paper presents a project on implementing Enterprise Architecture for a Private bank to introduce a Mobile Application. The idea of creating an application is taken from United State banks and their applications which helps their customers to access their accounts on their mobile devices and manage their accounts, activity on it. This project deals with bank’s IT department and management to implement this idea of creating an application. This bank has been selected on theRead MoreApplication Of An Enterprise Architecture1658 Words   |  7 Pagestheir operations. In this day and age, technologies seem to change rapidly with executives and managers finding it difficult to get a pictorial view of the existing systems whenever a new system is being implemented. The primary purpose of an enterprise architecture is to integrate the Information Technology (IT) assets across different departments of an organization and in order to create blueprints that will define the current organizational structure and the targeted structure. There are a coupleRead MoreStructure And Operation Of An Enterprise Architecture1350 Words   |  6 PagesSection 1: Summary Enterprise Architecture represents a conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and operation of an organization. The intent of an enterprise architecture is to decide how an organization can most effectively achieve its current and future goals. Enterprise architecture looks at the current state of the organization, it helps develop and evaluate current designs and create a sketch for the future. As business analysts, enterprise architecture represents an input to understand

Antigone monologue from the play by Sophocles Essay Example For Students

Antigone monologue from the play by Sophocles Essay A monologue from the play by Sophocles NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Greek Dramas. Ed. Bernadotte Perrin. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1904. GUARD: My liege, I will not say that I come breathless from speed, or that I have plied a nimble foot; for often did my thoughts make me pause, and wheel round in my path, to return. My mind was holding large discourse with me: Fool, why goest thou to certain doom? Wretch, tarrying again? And if Creon hears this from another, must not thou smart for it? So debating, I went on my way with lagging steps, and thus a short road was made long. At last, however, it carried the day that I should come hitherto thee; and, though my tale be naught, yet will I tell it; for I come with a good grip on one hopethat I can suffer nothing but is my fate. The corpsesome one hath just given it burial, and gone awayafter sprinkling thirsty dust on the flesh with such other rites as piety enjoins. I know not what living man hath dared this deed; no stroke of pickaxe was seen there, no earth thrown up by mattock; the ground was hard and dry, unbroken, without track of wheels; the doer was one who had left no trace. And when the first day-watchman showed it to us, sore wonder fell on all. The dead man was veiled from us; not shut within a tomb, but lightly strewn with dust, as by the hand of one who shunned a curse. And no sign met the eye as though any beast of prey or any dog had come nigh to him, or torn him. Then evil words flew fast and loud among us, guard accusing guard; and it would e\en have come to blows at last, nor was there any to hinder. Every man was the culprit, and no one was convicted, but all disclaimed knowledge of the deed. And we were ready to take red-hot iron in our handsto walk through fireto make oath by the gods that we had not done the deedthat we were not privy to the planning or the doing. At last, when all our searching was fruitless, one spake, who made us all bend our faces on the earth in fear; for we saw not how we could gainsay him, or escape mischance if we obeyed. His counsel was that this deed must be reported to thee, and not hidden. And this seemed best; and the lot doomed my hapless self to win this prize. So here I standas unwelcome as unwilling, well I wot; for no man delights in the bearer of bad news.

Culinary Arts Report Essay Example For Students

Culinary Arts Report Essay The title page or cover page The executive summary Acknowledgement Contents Body of report Menu evaluation Conclusion and recommendation Appendices Table of Contents It should include the commencing page of acknowledgement, executive summary, abbreviation (in Roman numeral egg, i, ii, iii, iv etc) The page numbers should be stated on the right side of the page (typed and not hand written) Title page at the front of the project paper is considered to be page (i) , but do not type the number. The Roman numeral (ii) appears on the first page that follows the title page (see Appendices) The table of contents should also have an accurate title and commencing page (in numerals egg. 1,2, 3, etc) of all topics, major subdivisions, subdivision and appendices. Executive summary Write one page summary Of your report, highlighting on how o find the hotel as a beneficial training ground. Body of the report 0 CHAPTER 1 (an overview of the organization -approximately 4-7 pages minus organization chart and pictures) C To introduce the organization where you had undertaken the industrial training. D The organizational chart of the organization O Facilities available at the hotel The food and beverage department C The food production department CHAPTER 2 AND CHEAPER 3-aloud contain reports on two kitchens- a chapter per kitchen (if you were attached to more than two kitchens, choose two most prominent ones). The CONTENT of each chapter must contain approximately words (approximately 12-14 pages minus organization chart and kitchen layouts These should contain the following information: n The name of the kitchen for each chapter concerned 0 Kitchen brigade (the organization chart of that kitchen department/outlet) CIA Kitchen equipment and layout II Miss en place; daily and promotional events; special events For each kitchen: D 4 Activities performed such as: inter kitchen transfer, buffet set up, event orders, requisition, general cleaning, department training, outside catering, etc. Departmental glossary Heading and sub headings should be used to give clear indication of the content Title of sections/departments should use numerals of heading (egg. 2) sub heading (e. G. 2. 1) and sub-sub headings (e. G. 2. 1. 1 and 2. 1 . L(a)). Photos, plans forms or any appendix material should not be included in this section. It should be referred to systematically in the appendix. 6. Conclusion and Recommendation (approximately 4-8 pages. In this chapter student will be graded on his/her cohesiveness in narrating and reflecting his/her experience and benefits gained from the internship) RL CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This chapter should include the following: o Comments on work relation o Problems and recommendations o Past knowledge o Present training and skills acquired o Future career paths and industry development o References 7 _ Appendices C] This section should be placed at the end of the report. This section should contain: forms, event orders, photos, samples of standardized recipe form each department. It should be given a systematic indication such as: o Appendix 1: coffee house kitchen layout o Appendix 2: dry store requisition Note: Refer to the REPORT EVALUATION MARKS for grading scheme S TYPING AND BINDING FORMAT 1. Typing 0 0 2. The usage of Microsoft Word application is encouraged. The usage of electric or electronic typewriter is not allowed at all. Language o o Only Formal English Language is allowed. Get the report to be proof read before submission to avoid deduction on the mechanic section (language, spelling, grammar sentence structure) tort report evaluation. Paper o o o Use only good quality AAA size (approximately 21 Mom X 237 mm) white paper (80 gram) Typing should only use one side of the paper. Colored paper should only be used as a page separator. 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Pancreatic function.

Question: Case study part 1 1. What is the probable disease? 2. What is the cause for the low serum calcium? 3. What is the cause for the increased blood urea nitrogen? Case study part 2 1. What organ system is primarily involved? 2. What are the major diagnostic considerations? 3. What do the laboratory results mean? What additional laboratory tests would be useful in establishing a diagnosis? 4. What other studies or procedures might be required? Answer: Case study part 1 1. In the above case study, the man is probably suffering from kidney abnormalities or acute pancreatitis secondary to gallstones or liver abnormalities as he has a previous history of mild liver abnormalities and heavy alcohol consumption. The patient lab result indicates amylase 640 units, which is high and indicates pancreatitis. The other parameters like the patients low blood pressure 80/40 mm Hg and fast pulse rate at 110/min. The patient has high BUN, low potassium levels at 3.4 mmol/L, and low sodium level at 133 mmol/L which may indicate kidney disorder/liver disorders. He also has WBC at 16, 500/uL which is indicative of inflammation. 2. The cause of low serum calcium level is may be due to chronic alcoholism as the patient has 15 years of history of alcoholism, or kidney abnormalities, and inability to absorb fat, which is essential for vitamin D and calcium absorption. Chronic alcohol consumption results in liver damage which further malfunction the conversion of vitamin D to calcium ("AKT answer relating to causes of abdominal pain in alcohol dependence", 2010). 3. The patient has a high level of blood urea nitrogen 32 mg/dL which may have caused due to excessive protein catabolism, kidney abnormalities/liver abnormalities as the production of urea initially start in the liver then it is released in the kidney, and it indicates malfunctioning of liver. It may also be the result of pancreatitis, dehydration, or renal malfunction. BUN testing is the part of CMP or BMP reveals a chemical imbalance in the patient. Case study part 2 1. In the above case study the patients digestive system was primarily involved in the present symptoms of the patient and the organs are liver and pancreas. His symptoms such as the 2-week history of mid-abdominal pain, clay-colored stools, nausea, mild icterus, vomiting and weight loss indicate that the patient is suffering from acute pancreatitis and liver disease. 2.The major diagnostic consideration for the diagnosis of the patients mid-abdominal pain are: the physical exam of the patient, ultrasound, biopsy, enteroscopy, glucose tolerance test, computed tomography, MRI imaging technique to find the location of abnormalities, and laboratory tests including blood count and pancreas and liver enzymes. ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram) is used to detect bile duct abnormalities and help in the removal of gallstones in the patient (Kitagawa, 2007). 3. Laboratory tests help detect the reason of the mid-abdominal pain occasionally. The laboratory results shown in the above case study signifies liver abnormalities such as patients liver damage reflected by elevated levels of bilirubin 4.2 mg/dL, LDH 625 IU/L, ALT 76 IU/L, ALP 462 IU/L, and urine bilirubin. The increased levels of amylase and LDH indicate pancreas or damage to the pancreas also. The additional laboratory tests for establishing the diagnosis of the patient, appropriately without any deviation or false results are serum lipase test, complete blood count, stool analysis, albumin test for liver function, secretin stimulation test for pancreas function, the test of fecal elastase and comprehensive metabolic panel. 4. The other studies and procedures required for the patients symptom are an ultrasound (a non-invasive method useful in the detection of mid-abdominal pain causes, biopsy, computed tomography (CT), which helps to record the multiple x-rays images of the body and radiology tests to detect the abnormalities in the digestive system or abdomen. There is various type of enteroscopy methods which is used to diagnose the abnormalities inside the gastrointestinal tract. The most less invasive technique for the patient would be a pill, which can be easily swallowed and the images of the gastrointestinal tract is observed for further evaluation. References AKT answer relating to causes of abdominal pain in alcohol dependence. (2010).Innovait,3(3), 187-187. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/innovait/inq014 Kitagawa, M. (2007). Current Concept For Diagnosis Of Acute Pancreatitis.Pancreas,35(1), 88. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mpa.0000278680.32942.9e

Issue Concerning Shazia Khan Essay Example

Issue Concerning Shazia Khan Essay 199288 Report ON We will write a custom essay sample on Issue Concerning Shazia Khan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Issue Concerning Shazia Khan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Issue Concerning Shazia Khan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer LEGAL ISSUES CONCERNING INDIVIDUALS WHO WORK AT TRAVEL EXPRESS’S SELBY SITE AND THE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES TRAVEL EXPRESS MAY FACE August 2007 Prepared for: Chetan Walla The Personnel Manager Prepared by: Assistant Personnel Manager Drumhead This study discusses legal issues that have emerged from separate incidents at Travel Express’s Selby Site. Relevant instance jurisprudence and legal rules were explored in order to detect whether Travel Express may confront in any legal effects. The study reveals the legal effects Travel Express are likely to confront. Issue Refering Shazia Khan Shazia Khan’s strain hurt raises some legal issues. As employers, Travel Express have a responsibility to guarantee, so far as is moderately operable, the wellness, safety and public assistance at work of all its employees. This responsibility is imposed by the Health and Safety at Work Etc Act 1974. [ 1 ] Travel Express run the hazard of being held vicariously apt for the Regional Manager’s breach of a statutory responsibility. Case jurisprudence associating to emphasize at work makes clear that an employer will be in breach of its responsibility to its employee if it fails to take sensible attention to avoid wounding the employee’s wellness. [ 2 ] It may good be that Shazia Khan’s hurt was non moderately foreseeable. However, if the Regional Manager fails to take stairss to assist her after holding become cognizant that her work load is holding an inauspicious consequence on her physical wellness, Travel Express may still be found to hold breached their responsibility to her. [ 3 ] As employers, Travel Express besides have an implied responsibility to cover with grudges decently and within a sensible clip. [ 4 ] An employee is foremost expected to decide grudges with her director informally. This is precisely what Shazia Khan did by raising the issues with the Regional Manager. If she realises that the grudge can non be resolved informally, she may take to decide it officially with direction or follow the grudge processs set out in the Employment Act 2002 [ 5 ] to take her instance to the employment court. In a contract of employment, there is besides what is known as implied term of trust and regard. Thus Express Travel have a responsibility non to make anything that will damage the relationship of trust and regard between them and Shazia Khan. The sorts of behaviors that may represent a breach of responsibility to handle an employee with regard include failure to give the employee necessary support. [ 6 ] The Regional Manager’s response to Shazia Khan’s ailment at least constitutes failure to give her necessary support. The legal effect Travel Express may confront is that misdemeanor of the above-named implied footings entitles Shazia Khan to end the contract of employment and convey a claim against Travel Express for constructive dismissal. [ 7 ] Stairss must hence be taken by the Company, every bit shortly as is practically possible, to decide the job. Issue Refering Trespassing and Injuries Suffered by the Two Male childs Trespassing in the vehicle mending country and the hurts suffered by the two male childs, Allan and Barry, do non simply raise legal issues but may besides do Travel Express to incur liability. Aside from holding a responsibility to take sensible attention for the wellness and safety of their employees and avoid exposing them to unneeded hazard, employers may owe a responsibility of attention to individuals who are neither their employees nor visitants. Such a responsibility, which falls under civil wrong jurisprudence instead than employment jurisprudence, is imposed by the Occupiers’ Liability Act 1984. An resident of premises owes a responsibility to another non being his visitant in regard of any hazard of their suffering hurt on the premises if he is cognizant of the danger or has sensible evidences to believe that it exists. [ 8 ] Not merely are Travel Express the residents of the country in inquiry within the significance of the 1984 Act, but besides they are cognizant that there has been intruding in the country. Besides, Travel Express have sensible evidences to believe that danger exists in an country where damaged managers and bringing new waves are repaired. An resident besides owes a responsibility to another non being his visitant in regard of any hazard of their suffering hurt on the premises if he knows or has sensible evidences to believe that the other is in the locality of the danger concerned or that he may come into the locality of the danger, [ 9 ] and the hazard is one against which, in all the fortunes of the instance, he may moderately be expected to offer the other some protection. [ 10 ] Travel Express knew that the two male childs who have suffered hurt were in the locality of the danger. They were hence required to take such attention as is sensible in all the fortunes of the instance to see that the male childs did non endure hurt on the premises by ground of the danger concerned. [ 11 ] By neglecting to take stairss to give warning of the danger concerned or to deter individuals from incurring the hazard [ 12 ] , Travel Express have breached their responsibility to the male childs and are hence likely to be held apt fo r the boys’ hurts. Issue Refering the Assistant Operator’s Fatal Accident In order to forestall their employees from prolonging hurts at workplace, employers owe a responsibility to supply a moderately safe works, premises and systems of working. [ 13 ] Not merely does the guiding of the lifting system to place autumn within the range of Mr Peter Smith’s employment, but besides it is a lawful act. For this ground, Travel Express are responsible for the mode in which the lifting system is operated by their employees [ 14 ] Since Express Travel owe their workers a responsibility of attention, the inquiry turns on whether the accident was caused by the carelessness of the operator, Travel Express or the victim. An employee besides has a responsibility to execute his responsibilities with sensible accomplishment. [ 15 ] However, even if the operator breached his responsibility to execute with sensible accomplishment, Travel Express would non be entitled to switch their liability to him if a breach of statutory responsibility or carelessness on their por tion contributed to the victim’s decease. [ 16 ] It is non clear from the fortunes of the instance whether the accident was caused by the carelessness of the operator or his helper ( victim ) . As employers, Travel Express are placed under an duty to guarantee that every lifting operation affecting raising equipment isproperly planned by a competent individual ; suitably supervised ; and carried out in a safe mode. [ 17 ] They are besides required to guarantee that the lifting system is inspected by a competent individual at suited intervals between thorough scrutiny to guarantee that wellness and safety conditions are maintained and that impairment can be detected and remedied in good clip. [ 18 ] Entrusting a new employee with the operation of a heavy lifting system without supervising clearly constitutes a breach of statutory demands. Surely, if the system had been exhaustively examined it would hold been detected that the overseas telegram, which snapped and killed the helper operator, was under tenseness. It is an offense to transgress any wellness and safety ordinances. [ 19 ] Criminal proceedings may therefore be brought against Travel Express. A immense mulct is likely to be imposed on them if they are found guilty. [ 20 ] Issue Concerning Operation Managers’ Conduct The Operations Manager’s response to the safety issues raised by the safety representative was unhelpful. Health and Safety related affairs at a workplace can non be treated as confidential, and by raising them with the operations director, the safety representative was clearly executing his statutory maps. It is his responsibility to look into possible jeopardies and unsafe happenings at the workplace and to analyze the causes of accidents at the workplace. [ 21 ] It is besides his responsibility to do representations to the employer on general affairs impacting wellness, safety or public assistance at work of the employee at the workplace. [ 22 ] Travel Express have an duty to work in co-operation with the safety representative. Health and safety jurisprudence requires them to confer with him â€Å"with a position to the devising and care of agreements which will enable him and the employees he represents to co-operate efficaciously in advancing and developing steps to guarantee the wellness and safety at work of the employees, and in look intoing the effectivity of such measures† . [ 23 ] Therefore, to state the safety representative that the affairs were confidential and to warn him non raise them once more shows that the operation director was non prepared to move to forestall similar accidents happening at the workplace in future. The operation manager’s behavior may be held to represent a breach of responsibility imposed by statutory jurisprudence. His behavior may therefore cause Travel Express to confront prosecution as it is an offense to transgress any wellness and safety ordinances. [ 24 ] Besides, a safety representative has employment protection right with respect to his maps. Under the Employment Rights Act 1996, he has the right non to be subjected to any hurt by any act by his employer ( i.e. Travel Express ) on the land that he performed or proposed to execute any map as a safety representative. [ 25 ] Therefore, if the safety representative raises the affairs once more his park license should non be taken off from him otherwise Travel Express may confront the legal effects of go againsting an employee’s employment protection right. Bibliography Butterworths Legal Updater, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/search/ homesubmitForm.do Visited:16/07/2007 Selwyn, N. , M. ( 2006 ) Selwyn’s Employment Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press Wallington, P. ( 2007 ) Butterworths Employment Handbook, London: Butterworths 1

Prohibition Essays (344 words) - Education, Student Council

Prohibition Student Council Student Council is considered to be many different things. Basically it is a group of students, all working together, to make it possible for certain events to happen. It is a mix of students from all of the grades, belonging to different activities, and all contributing their own unique ideas to make student council possible. The majority of the students who are involved in student council are organized, responsible, and show good leadership skills. Theyre creative and are able to contribute their ideas. They can work well with others and compromise when it is not possible for what they want to be done to happen, but they also know how to make it fun. Student council does plenty for the school and community. For the school, student council organizes dances, raises money, and plans positive activities for the students to participate in both during and after school. The students benefit from having their own peers part of student council so that their opinions can be taken serious and into consideration. Student council raises money to help the community and the school. They clean up the town and in a small way attempt to make it a better place for the teens. Most importantly this is volunteer work done only for a small appreciation in return as well as some skills which will be beneficial in the future. I would make a good student council member. Im responsible, organized, and I think that I have what it takes to be a good leader. I can work well with others, as well as contribute my thoughts and ideas to a group. I will help to get what needs to be done finished on time and to the best I can do. I know what is required to be on student council and that it should be taken seriously. It is easy to see what attributes good student council members possess and I feel that I have these. Student council will be an enjoyable experience in which I shall benefit from greatly. History Essays

Free Essays on Famous Black Americans

Famous Black Americans During the month of February we focus our attention on famous black Americans as we celebrate black history month. When I think of them many come to mind. That makes it hard to choose just three from the powerful list. After reading several biographies the three that stuck out in my mind were Dred Scott, Harriet Tubman, Halle Berry. Dred Scott is known for suing for his freedom. According to the Missouri Compromise when his master traveled to Illinois (free state) for four years as an army surgeon, he brought Scott with him and Scott was suppose to be free. The court ruled that residence in a free state did not automatically make a slave free. In the meantime, Dr.Emerson (his master) died and his wife became Scott’s owner. She remarried abolitionist Calvin C. Chaffe of Massachusetts. He did not want to be known as a slave owner so Scott tried to bring his suit in federal court, out the Supreme Court decided against Scott because he was black and definitely not a citizen of Missouri. (his hometown) As set out by the Constitution, he had no rights in federal courts, temporary residence in a free state did not make a slave free and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. This limited the power of congress to include slavery from any Northwest Territories that would subsequently apply for admission in the Union. The daughter of Harriet Greene and Benjamin Rass, who were not permitted to marry legally under the law s of slavery, Harriet Tubman lived a brutal childhood. She was often referred to as â€Å"stupid† and received standard whippings regarly. At 13 she was injured by her master, and as a result suffered from occasional blackouts for the rest of her life. At about age 25 she and her brothers planned an escape, but her brothers backed out at the last minute and left Tubman, not being able to read or write the leader of about 300 slaves escaping for freedom. Now she is referred to as the â€Å"conductor... Free Essays on Famous Black Americans Free Essays on Famous Black Americans Famous Black Americans During the month of February we focus our attention on famous black Americans as we celebrate black history month. When I think of them many come to mind. That makes it hard to choose just three from the powerful list. After reading several biographies the three that stuck out in my mind were Dred Scott, Harriet Tubman, Halle Berry. Dred Scott is known for suing for his freedom. According to the Missouri Compromise when his master traveled to Illinois (free state) for four years as an army surgeon, he brought Scott with him and Scott was suppose to be free. The court ruled that residence in a free state did not automatically make a slave free. In the meantime, Dr.Emerson (his master) died and his wife became Scott’s owner. She remarried abolitionist Calvin C. Chaffe of Massachusetts. He did not want to be known as a slave owner so Scott tried to bring his suit in federal court, out the Supreme Court decided against Scott because he was black and definitely not a citizen of Missouri. (his hometown) As set out by the Constitution, he had no rights in federal courts, temporary residence in a free state did not make a slave free and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. This limited the power of congress to include slavery from any Northwest Territories that would subsequently apply for admission in the Union. The daughter of Harriet Greene and Benjamin Rass, who were not permitted to marry legally under the law s of slavery, Harriet Tubman lived a brutal childhood. She was often referred to as â€Å"stupid† and received standard whippings regarly. At 13 she was injured by her master, and as a result suffered from occasional blackouts for the rest of her life. At about age 25 she and her brothers planned an escape, but her brothers backed out at the last minute and left Tubman, not being able to read or write the leader of about 300 slaves escaping for freedom. Now she is referred to as the â€Å"conductor...

The Element Tin essays

The Element Tin essays The Element Tin is a soft, silvery-white metal that belongs to group IV of the Periodic Table. Its name may come from the German word, Zinn that describes a soft white metal with a low melting point. It has an atomic number of 50, which also means there are 50 protons in each atom of the element Tin. Tins atomic mass is 118.71. This element can be found in places such as Bolivia, which is the prime producer, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Zaire, and Nigeria. Its highly crystalline structure gives tin a slight moaning sound when it is bent. Tin has one of the lowest melting points of all metals melting at 449.5F. It remains a liquid until the temperature reaches 4,100F. This is when it turns into gas. Tin is light weighted, ductile, malleable, which means it can be easily bent. With tin being ductile, it can be easily drawn into fine wires or threads. Even though it is relatively weak, when it is mixed with other metals, it can form a wide range of alloys. Tin exist in 3 different forms: gray or alpha, a powdery form of metal stable only at 64F, white or beta, stable between 64F and 322F, and lastly, brittle or gamma, stable between 322F and 449.5F. It also has 10 natural isotopes and 27 artificial isotopes. Although tin is in greater qualities than other metals such, as gold and platinum it still is a rare metal on earth. It only makes up two parts per million of the earths crust. Although some of it is found in its purity, Tin is mostly found mixed with other minerals. One is called cassiterite. Over millions of years the minerals of tin were left in the rocks and were eventually moved by wind, water, and ice. When the minerals were washed and settled on the riverbeds alluvial deposits were formed thus making this the main source of tin minerals. Bronze, a mixture of tin and copper, was the main kind of metal used in the Bronze Age. Countries would sometimes have wars over the minerals used to make this impo...

The Main Types of Chemical Bonds

The Main Types of Chemical Bonds Atoms are the basic building blocks of all types of matter. Atoms link to other atoms through chemicals bonds resulting from the strong attractive forces that exist between the atoms. A chemical bond is a region that forms when electrons from different atoms interact with each other. The electrons that participate in chemical bonds are the valence electrons, which are the electrons found in an atoms outermost shell. When two atoms approach each other these outer electrons interact. Electrons repel each other, yet they are attracted to the protons within atoms. The interplay of forces results in some atoms forming bonds with each other and sticking together. Main Types of Chemical Bonds The two main types of bonds formed between atoms are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. An ionic bond is formed when one atom accepts or donates one or more of its valence electrons to another atom. A covalent bond is formed when atoms share valence electrons. The atoms do not always share the electrons equally, so a polar covalent bond may be the result. When electrons are shared by two metallic atoms a metallic bond may be formed. In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between two atoms. The electrons that participate in metallic bonds may be shared between any of the metal atoms in the region. Predict Type of Chemical Bond Based on Electronegativity If the electronegativity values of two atoms are similar: Metallic bonds form between two metal atoms.Covalent bonds form between two non-metal atoms. Nonpolar covalent bonds form when the electronegativity values are very similar, while polar covalent bonds form when the electronegativity values are a little further apart. If the electronegativity values of two atoms are different, ionic bonds are formed.

Competitive Environment Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Competitive Environment Questions - Essay Example It takes place in imperfect market and monopoly market is a perfect example which provides restraints towards entry. There are no barriers to entry in a perfectly competitive market where the firms are price takers and have no power of price making behavior. Barriers to entry may be structural, legal or strategic (Besanko, et al, -2010, p. 473). Structural barriers affect the decisions associated with the cost and demand of the firms and it may occur due to economies of scale and network effects. Legal barriers from its name can be said to be barriers like patents, license etc from the ruling body. In case of strategic barriers, it includes various decisions made by the firms in restricting the entry of other firms with application of methods like innovative dealing arrangements, first mover advantage, and unique advertising and product differentiation techniques and so on (Competition and Barriers to Entry, 2007, p.3). 1 (b) Comment generally on the impact of ‘the Internetâ₠¬â„¢ on such barriers Internet auction market is an example of structural barriers to entry. The concept of positive network externality plays an important role in this case. The concept of positive network externality states that when a firm’s product is more attractive to a given customer base then more of the product is used by other consumers. Recent eBay. Com has emerged as one of the internet auction leader and its huge database offers the customers a wide array of products to be purchased at a time. The huge volume of transactions on this particular website is a typical example of barriers to entry towards other internet auction companies as in case of eBay they make huge money through the basis of commissions on transactions. Now a newcomer will have to either huge money which will not cover his cost or it will not be attractive as eBay because it already has a great market reputation and mammoth customer base (Besanko, et al, -2010, p. 473).The concept of strategic b arriers to entry is also associated with the structural barrier concept as the various companies through innovative production differentiation techniques like innovative advertisement, promotions, lucrative offer also try to capture markets as for example jabong.com, flipkart.com, snap deal.com and holds parity with the assumptions of monopolistic competition. In case of the airlines industry, with the use of internet has helped various travel agents reap a huge benefit through third party transactions on commission basis which affects the traditional travel agencies. Thus legal barriers are sometimes imposed (Dembrower & Grenblad, 2003, p. 3). 2. Explain and give examples of ‘collusive behaviour’, which is common in ‘Oligopolistic’ markets, AND identify the conditions necessary for ‘collusive agreements’ to survive in the long term. In oligopolistic markets various players cater to the same industry as for example in the soft drinks market two dominant players are Coca Cola and Pepsi. They formulate and implement optimal strategies against their rivals in order to make them worse off by calculating on their respective reaction functions (Bertrand game). Thus the

STUXNET Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

STUXNET - Research Paper Example As the engineer hooked the computer to the Internet, the worm spread far and wide. How the Stuxnet Worm Spread The Stuxnet worm started to spread in March 2010, but it took its first variant about three months from then to appear. As people learnt about the existence of the worm on 15 July 2010, the servers for two mailing lists were attacked with the distributed denial-of-service on the industrial-systems security. Although at that time, the source of attack could not be worked out, yet it was suspected to be the Stuxnet worm. As a result of the attack, one of the two mailing lists got disabled, thus interrupting a very important informative source for the factories and the power plants. Two more variants of the Stuxnet worm surfaced; the first in March 2010 and the second in April 2010. In the authors’ opinion, the second and substantially improved variant showed up because of slow progression of the Stuxnet worm. The third variant that surfaced in April 2010 had only minor improvements. There is a build time-stamp in thee worm that starts from 3 February 2010. According to the report delivered by the Sky News on 25 November 2010 in the United Kingdom, an anonymous source whose IT security organization was also unidentified sent the news to Sky News that the black market had received a variation of the Stuxnet worm, but there was lack of consensus among the security experts over this matter. How the Stuxnet Worm Works Stuxnet makes use of vulnerability just like Windows uses the shortcut files to expand to new systems. The Stuxnet worm’s design was bottom-up so that it could effectively attack the systems implemented for the management of industrial networks like chemical manufacturing facilities and power plants as well as the systems of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). In the start, the Stuxnet worm was thought to progress through such removable drives as USB sticks. However, about two weeks after the Stuxnet worm was first id entified, researchers of the Kaspersky Lab working in Moscow found that an unknown security flaw in the sharing of printer resources by the Windows could also help the Stuxnet worm spread. Microsoft found a way to fix this vulnerability with MS10-061 which varies in risk from one type of windows to another. â€Å"At least one aspect of what Stuxnet does is to take control of the process and to be able to do†¦whatever the author or programmer wants it to do. This has potentially devastating consequences, and there needs to be a lot more attention focused on it† (Weiss cited in â€Å"‘Stuxnet’ Worm Far†). The Target of the Stuxnet Worm The main target of the Stuxnet worm is the Siemens software. One trait that distinguishes the Stuxnet worm from most viruses that have been identified to date is that it remains silent till the time the worm locates Siemens software in the Windows system. Once the Siemens software is found, the Stuxnet worm exploits up to four 0-day attacks. The Stuxnet worm infected the SCADA systems in 14 functional plants of Siemens, though the infections could not hold the infected plants’ productions. According to the IDG News reports, the Stuxnet worm has infected systems at the Siemens plants in North America, Korea, and the UK, while the maximum infections have so far been made in the plants operating in

Media Convergence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Media Convergence - Essay Example Or as Jenkins (2006) states, there is a cooperation between all multiple media industries, and media audiences will look for information where they can find it. This essay will look at convergence and what is meant by it, and will look, briefly, at the dangers of convergence, then will examine the Astral-Bell merger and analyze the merger from the voices of the people and the voices of the individuals who are behind the merger. Media Convergence According to Jenkins (2004) there is an inherent danger in media convergence, in that the multinational media conglomerates have the potential, and live up to this potential, to dominate every sector of the entertainment industry. Thus, the power elite had the potential to rule the airwaves, putting out its message to the masses, and the message is the message that benefits the corporations and the powerful (Brenkman, 1979). The media may be associated with large structural forces (Havens, et al., 2009). And the message may become more like p ropaganda, which makes the mass media more of a propaganda machine than a marketplace for free ideas (Murray, 2005). Giroux (2004) states that one of the dangers of media convergence, when certain corporations become too powerful, is that the message that goes out to the people is the message that benefits the corporations that own these multi-media conglomerates, which is the message of the neo-liberal – low taxes, deregulation and private enterprise is good, the opposite is bad, and an unequal distribution of wealth in society is a good thing. This is because the corporations that own these conglomerates are the very corporations that would benefit the most in this kind of society of profit above all else. Media convergence has the power to do the bidding of powerful people (Rossman, 2004), such as when Clear Channel, which is a multimedia conglomerate based in the United States, organized a boycott against the country group The Dixie Chicks, after the lead singer, Natalie Maines, told a crowd that she was embarrassed to be from the same state as George W. Bush, and Clear Channel, wanting to get favorable legislation for its plans to expand, organized the boycott to please the Bush Administration. In short, media convergence has the potential for great harm. Too much power in any one hands would cause the marketplace of ideas to falter, and the message that is disseminated will be the message that is crafted by this particular entity. It is in this context that the merger between Bell and Astral will be examined. The Bell-Astral Merger The View of the People According to Winseck (2012), the Bell-Astral merger refer to the fact that Bell is attempting to buy Astral media, and this would represent a major deal between the largest Telecom-Media-Internet conglomerate in the country, and they would have revenues of over $22 billion. Winseck (2012) states that the merger would mean that the country would have lost an independent station, which is what Astra l is, having revenues of just over $888 million in 2010. Winseck (2012) looks at this in the context of the Ronald Coase, economist, idea that the two ways of dealing with business environment uncertainties are the market and the hierarchies, and that the Bell-Astral merger would be essentially elevating the hierarchies over the markets. If the merger goes through, according to Winsec

Crimonology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crimonology - Essay Example Biological influences on white collar crime are evident in sex differences between males and females. Sex of a person makes it possible to experience various life consequences. The belief that females, who are supposedly physically more weak, are mistreated more often is also inaccurate. Aside from rape, the only individual crime for which women are victimized more than men is robbery with contact. Men are twice as likely to be the victim of an assault or a robbery and 50 percent more likely to experience some crime of theft. Men are also the victims of strangers more than females (Friedrichs, 2006). Therefore, the idea that physically weaker people constantly fall prey to the criminal has no foundation in fact. Neither females nor older people are particularly prone to white collar crime. But, the lifestyles of these community groups may explain this fact better than their actual vulnerability to criminals. The advantage of this theory is that it explains roots of white collar crime , thus it does not take into account motivational factors and personal intentions of a criminal. Human biology and genetics are the two personal attributes most closely tied to antisocial behavior. Heredity and race are also related. ... ore frequently victims of white collar crime than others, while whites experience property crimes at higher rates than other ethnic and racial groups. For white collar crime, robbery accounts for the higher rate experienced by blacks (Friedrichs, 2006). It is still difficult to define the motivations of women when they commit their white-collar crimes at the workplace. But I am personally apt to think that if women have obtained such top positions at their companies - white-collar positions, they can hardly commit their crimes being motivated by poverty (according to economic marginalization thesis). Women rather try to cash in, in different ways, on their top-level positions. Thus, here opportunity thesis and sometimes, masculinity thesis can be more applicable in order to explain the motivation. As well, criminological theory states that opportunity is a more intense motivation for committing white-collar crimes. According to this theory, people who have achieved a lot on their liv es and have satisfied their needs as a result will need more goods to exchange with others, but not to use. Thus, this need for more possessions (or greed) can make people break the law and perpetrate crimes to receive what they want. Psychological predisposition may lead to antisocial inclinations and increase a possibility of criminal behavior patterns. The cultural ties associated with family income, race, and ethnicity also affect with whom one associates and the places of those associations. Housing, transportation, privacy, and leisure-time factors are related to income as well as to racial and ethnic segregation (Sutherland and Cressey 2001). To the extent that white collar crime varies according to place and event, individuals from different income levels and racial and ethnic

Effects of flicker on reading comfort (part 2) Essay

Effects of flicker on reading comfort (part 2) - Essay Example Two types of questionnaire, an initial questionnaire to identify the previous experience of discomfort and a symptom questionnaire were used. Results: The results indicated insignificant difference between discomforts caused by sustained reading and using computer. The condition of 50 Hz induced the greatest impact on reading comfort compared to DC. The most affected symptoms of discomfort were vision discomfort followed by eyestrain, blurred vision and headache. The mean difference of 75 Hz, 100 Hz and 140 Hz compared to DC lighting situation was not significant. Conclusion: The study shows that reading under 100 Hz LEDs light has no different effects on comfort than reading under LEDs light powered on DC. In addition, the study shows insignificant difference between discomfort induced by reading and by computer use in terms of incidence and nature. Further studies are required with larger and balanced sample size, different direction of illumination and longer period of reading tim e to address the possible limitations of this experiment. Methods Participants Students of the University of New South Wales (UNSW) were invited by posters and emails to participate in the experiment. Participants who completed the experiment received a nominal reward. The inclusion criteria were good binocular vision, lack of ocular and systemic abnormalities that possibly influence reading ability, and age had to be between 19 to 30 years old since light sensitivity often higher at this age group. The exclusion criteria were any known case of migraine or photosensitive epilepsy. A total number of 18 students were recruited (2 male and 16 female), all signed an informed consent form prior commencing the study. Ethics and the study protocol were reviewed and approved by the UNSW Human Research Ethics Advisory (UNSW HREA) Panel. Design and Procedure In a double masked randomized crossover study, discomfort symptoms were self-reported by using two types of questionnaires; an initial q uestionnaire and symptoms questionnaire. The participants had to attend five reading sessions under LED light, but with different rate of flicker in each session. They were randomly assigned to the sessions by Latin squares, and the reading sessions had to be separated by at least one day. At the beginning of the first session, the initial questionnaire had to be completed, whereas symptom questionnaire had to be filled immediately at the beginning and at the end of every session to evaluate reading discomfort. During the reading sessions, the ambient light was turned off, and the room was completely dark, so the only light source was that installed in lighting booth. The booth was positioned on a table, and a â€Å"twilight† novel was placed inside the booth directly under the light. Each subject had to read a part from the book on every session for 30 minutes with the habitual glasses. Comfortable sitting was enhanced by providing an adjustable chair placed in front of the booth to read with habitual reading posture. Questionnaires Two types of questionnaires were used in the study: the initial questionnaire and the symptom questionnaire. The initial questionnaire was designed to examine the previous experience of discomfort related to reading and computer use and to detect unknown cases of photosensitive epilepsy or migraine. The first part of the questionnaire was

The Simpsons as a typical sitcom Essay Example for Free

The Simpsons as a typical sitcom Essay Evaluate the extent to which The Simpsons follow the conventions of a typical sitcom. Refer to a specific episode that you have watched to support your evaluation. The Simpsons confirm to some stereotypical sitcom genre stereotypes, but ultimately subvert them by proving to dysfunctional. A sitcom is a 30 minutes programme, which contains humour and different types of comedy. In this essay, I will evaluate the extant to which the episodes The Simpsons roasting on an open fire Sitcoms of the past showed the ideal family; always nuclear a mum, dad and kids. The dad was respected and it had a bread winner mum-housewife cooks and cleans with two kids, the son is mostly the clever one and the daughter follows in the footsteps on her mother. E.g. leave it to beaver and the Cosby show. Sitcoms are popular because they relate to real people, take the Simpsons as an example, Homer can relate to people that an unorganised an lazy people; Marge is a representation, responsible, hardworking housewife; in Lisa we can relate to nerdy person and through Bart can relate to people that are not very clever and like skate boarding and rock music. The Simpsons opening scene starts with the title effect which Christmas snow effect with jungle bells and at the start of the scene there are late to a special Christmas concert where they arrive there children will be singing and when they arrive we know that the parents are tired and Homer drives fast and hits the car at this opening scene is called The Simpsons Roasting on an open fire which we know that there will be trouble. It follows the traditional structure of sitcoms. It has an orientation when the family prepare for Christmas and it is going to be expensive which is the beginning of the story; a complication produces problems, which makes the audience laughs when Homer doesnt Evaluate the extent to which The Simpsons follow the conventions of a typical Sitcom The Simpsons are an animated U.S Sitcom family and up to a point are a typical realistic family of five. They have their good and bad times. In this essay, I will be evaluating to what extent The Simpsons follow the conventions of a stereotypical Sitcom. To support this, I am going to be referring in detail to an episode of The Simpsons called The Simpsons Roasting On An Open Fire. A Sitcom is a 30 min comedy T.V show about a family; in a sitcom the main character is usually the father. I will analyse how sitcoms have changed over time, Sitcoms use to only air upper/middle class familys which were white familys only, but as time went past ant the racism cooled down, they started to air black familys as well, in my opinion The Simpsons are made bright yellow is to make a joke out of sitcoms because sitcoms use to be aired as white people only in the past. The opening sequence in the episode starts with the title The Simpsons Roasting On An Open Fire with some jingle bells and Christmas effects. Then it jumps into Homer Marge driving to their childrens concert in dangerous situations. Marges voice makes her sound really tired, but homers voice just makes him sound silly, not the typical father you would find in other Sitcoms. Marge actually believes that Barts ironic humour is right; it shows that they must care for Bart more in my opinion. From analysing The Simpsons Roasting on an open fire I have seen that the orientation is getting ready for Christmas expenses. Evaluate the extent to which The Simpsons follow the conventions of a typical sitcom. Refer to a specific episode that you have watched to support your evaluation. A sitcom is another word for situation comedy for example, Leave It to Beaver which was the first US sitcom in the 1950s. A sitcom is usually about a family consisting of dad, mum and two children. This is called a nuclear family. The situation or setting that the story takes place in is their home. Sitcoms are shown on TV and usually lasts for half an hour. It is a comedy and you can usually hear a live studio audience in the background. In the past, sitcoms always showed happy conventional white families who were always perfect. Dad was always the breadwinner and had a highly respectable job and the mother was always very attractive and happy to stay looking after the home and children. In Leave it to Beaver the son was a high achiever like the father and the daughter wanted to be a homemaker like mum. Sitcoms have changed over time because today mothers may now have careers and dads have to have respect for their wives just as they have respect for themselves. These days family problems are not hidden and people want to see realistic life-like situations in sitcoms. However although sitcoms started to show other families like a black family in The Cosby Show, they were still upper middle class. The Simpsons was the first sitcom to really show problems faced by working class families. Sitcoms are popular because all ages can watch it for fun and enjoyment; charaters of all ages provide someone for everyone to identify with. The Simpsons are even more popular because as an animation they can also have other celebrity characters such a Barry White and Michael Jacson. The Simpsons episode Simpsons Roasting On An Open Fire had an opening sequence where the title came up through snowflakes and jingly music. We hear Marge speaking to Homer saying Oh slow down Homer! which shows she is worried. Homers response, We dont have time to slow down were late makes us think that he is stubborn, wanting things his way and that he doesnt think too much about the safety of his wife and baby. This opening sequence immediately lets us see that this family is not perfect but realistic. We can see from this episode that The Simpsons does follow the traditional narrative structure. The audience gets orientation from not only the opening sequence but also the next couple of scenes where they were at the school Christmas performance, putting up Christmas lights and the children asking for expensive difficult presents. Evaluate the extent to which The Simpsons follow the conventions of a typical Sitcom The Simpsons are an animated U.S Sitcom family and up to a point are a typical realistic family of five. They have their good and bad times. In this essay, I will be evaluating to what extent The Simpsons follow the conventions of a stereotypical Sitcom. To support this, I am going to be referring in detail to an episode of The Simpsons called The Simpsons Roasting On An Open Fire. A Sitcom is a 30 min comedy T.V show about a family; in a sitcom the main character is usually the father. I will analyse how sitcoms have changed over time, Sitcoms use to only air upper/middle class familys which were white familys only, but as time went past ant the racism cooled down, they started to air black familys as well, in my opinion The Simpsons are made bright yellow is to make a joke out of sitcoms because sitcoms use to be aired as white people only in the past. The opening sequence in the episode starts with the title The Simpsons Roasting On An Open Fire with some jingle bells and Christmas effects. Then it jumps into Homer Marge driving to their childrens concert in dangerous situations. Marges voice makes her sound really tired, but homers voice just makes him sound silly, not the typical father you would find in other Sitcoms. Marge actually believes that Barts ironic humour is right; it shows that they must care for Bart more in my opinion. From analysing The Simpsons Roasting on an open fire I have seen that the orientation is getting ready for Christmas expenses. Evaluate the extent to which The Simpsons follow the conventions of a typical Sitcom The Simpsons are an animated U.S Sitcom family and up to a point are a typical realistic family of five. They have their good and bad times. In this essay, I will be evaluating to what extent The Simpsons follow the conventions of a stereotypical Sitcom. To support this, I am going to be referring in detail to an episode of The Simpsons called The Simpsons Roasting On An Open Fire. A Sitcom is a 30 min comedy T.V show about a family; in a sitcom the main character is usually the father. I will analyse how sitcoms have changed over time, Sitcoms use to only air upper/middle class familys which were white familys only, but as time went past ant the racism cooled down, they started to air black familys as well, in my opinion The Simpsons are made bright yellow is to make a joke out of sitcoms because sitcoms use to be aired as white people only in the past. The opening sequence in the episode starts with the title The Simpsons Roasting On An Open Fire with some jingle bells and Christmas effects. Then it jumps into Homer Marge driving to their childrens concert in dangerous situations. Marges voice makes her sound really tired, but homers voice just makes him sound silly, not the typical father you would find in other Sitcoms. Marge actually believes that Barts ironic humour is right; it shows that they must care for Bart more in my opinion. From analysing The Simpsons Roasting on an open fire I have seen that the orientation is getting ready for Christmas expenses. Evaluate the extent to which The Simpsons follow the conventions of a typical Sitcom The Simpsons are an animated U.S Sitcom family and up to a point are a typical realistic family of five. They have their good and bad times. In this essay, I will be evaluating to what extent The Simpsons follow the conventions of a stereotypical Sitcom. To support this, I am going to be referring in detail to an episode of The Simpsons called The Simpsons Roasting On An Open Fire. A Sitcom is a 30 min comedy T.V show about a family; in a sitcom the main character is usually the father. I will analyse how sitcoms have changed over time, Sitcoms use to only air upper/middle class familys which were white familys only, but as time went past ant the racism cooled down, they started to air black familys as well, in my opinion The Simpsons are made bright yellow is to make a joke out of sitcoms because sitcoms use to be aired as white people only in the past. The opening sequence in the episode starts with the title The Simpsons Roasting On An Open Fire with some jingle bells and Christmas effects. Then it jumps into Homer Marge driving to their childrens concert in dangerous situations. Marges voice makes her sound really tired, but homers voice just makes him sound silly, not the typical father you would find in other Sitcoms. Marge actually believes that Barts ironic humour is right; it shows that they must care for Bart more in my opinion. From analysing The Simpsons Roasting on an open fire I have seen that the orientation is getting ready for Christmas expenses.

Molecular Weight Effect of Different Grades of HPC Polymer

Molecular Weight Effect of Different Grades of HPC Polymer Introduction Bioavailability enhancement Wet media milling + spray drying Issues have impact on dissolution performance Novelty of the work Objective Material and methods wet stirred media milling Spray dryer Characterization techniques Results and discussion Physical stability of the milled precursor suspensions Drug breakage kinetics Formation of the NCMPs via spray drying of the precursor drug suspensions Impact of different polymers on the drug dissolution from NCMPs PVP-K30 HPMC-E3 HPC-SSL, HPC-SL, HPC-L Molecular weight effect of different grades of HPC polymer on drug dissolution performance and stability It is estimated that a large percentage of newly developed drug compounds have limited bioavailibity due to their poor water solubility and very slow dissolution rate [1]. According to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), class II drugs are categorized as poorly water soluble and highly permeable in human body [2]. To achieve the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs it is very essential to enhance the bioavailability by increasing the solubility or dissolution rate. A number of approaches have been developed over the time to resolve this issue. The reduction of drug particles size to sub-micron or nanometer has been one of the most popular and effective approaches of all [3-6]. By reducing the particles size order of magnitude, specific surface area of the particles increased radically and enhances the rate of absorption and dissolution [7, 8], according to the Noyes-Whitney equation [9]. Drug nanoparticles production technologies are classified into Bottom-up or Top-down or combination of both. The bottom up techniques include precipitation using supercritical fluid, liquid anti-solvent precipitation, and evaporative precipitation, where small drug particles are produced from drug molecules dissolved in organic solvent [10, 11]. In case of top-down approaches, the particles are reduced to the nanometer range [11]. High pressure homogenization [5] and wet media milling [3] are included in top-down approaches. To prepare drug nanosuspension, wet stirred media milling (WSMM) has achieved the most popularity because of its effectiveness, robustness, scalability, high drug loading, and low polymer side effects [5, 12, 13]. Due to many advantages of drug solid dosage form, it is the most popular dosage form to the patients/clinicians. To encounter this high demand, drug nanosuspensions are usually converted into nanocomposite microparticles (NCMPs) using different drying techniques and incorporated into standard solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules [13, 14]. Vacuum dryer [15, 16], spray-freeze dryer [17, 18], spray dryer [19, 20], and fluidized bed [17] are very prevalent and widely used drying tools in the pharmaceutical industries. Among all the drying techniques, spray drying has already got attention due to its energy intensive, continuous and scalable drying process characteristics and ability to produce micro to nano-sized particles with a very narrow distribution within a very short time frame [21]. Albeit particle size reduction is an effective technique for bioavailability enhancement, stability issue has always been critical for the efficacy of the drug products. In the nanosuspension, drug particles start losing their specific surface area by aggregation due to relatively high surface energy and specific surface area and also for enhanced Brownian motion [22]. For the prevention of aggregation in the wet media and having better stability, polymers and/or surfactants are added to the suspension as stabilizers. These stabilizers provide stability by electrostatic or electrosteric mechanisms [22]. Steric stability provided by the polymer is drug specific. Only few polymers can help to reduce the particle size of a specific drug down to nanometers. Therefore, selecting a proper stabilizer for a specific drug is a very complex process and cannot be generalized easily [23]. Thus, having a better insight about the polymer properties is very crucial to figure out the right stabilize r for a particular drug. Molecular weight of the polymer is a very significant property of polymers, which determines the capability for steric stabilization along with solution properties [24, 25], regulates mechanical property of the films [26], and controls the drug release during oral administration [27]. Consequently, optimum MW and polymer concentration may help to get the best stabilization performance during and after milling, and faster drug release from the composites.   Choi et al. [16] investigated the impact of lower range MW (11,200-49,000 g/mol) of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HW) on itraconazole suspension production and their recovery from the drug composites. In that work, HPC was used solely with the same concentration, and dissolution performance study was absent.   Sepassi et al. [28] studied MW effect of two different polymers hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the particle size reduction of milled nabumetone and ha lofantrine suspensions; however, drying and dissolution rate were not studied. Li et al. [29] studied the MW and concentration effect of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) on the dissolution performance of poorly soluble drug griseofulvin (GF) in presence/absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant. In that investigation, drug nanosuspension was coated and dried on to the surface of pharmatose using fluidized bed technique and also determined the optimum concentration and MW effect of HPC for complete release of the drug particles during dissolution. To authors best knowledge, no comprehensive and systematic study has been performed so far to get the insight about the head to head comparison of different polymers performance and MW effect of the same polymer on the suspension stability after milling and during dissolution of NCMPs produced via spray drying. It is known from prior study that the combined use of polymers and surfactants provide a synergistic effect leading to better stability in the nanosuspension than individual stabilizers [30, 31]. Due to the side effects of surfactant, it is always expected to use minimal amount in the formulation. If only the use of polymer can provide substantial stability in the nanosuspension and immediate release of the drugs in the dissolution from NCMPs, then it is more viable than using surfactant.   Therefore, this study aims to develop an understanding of the polymer MW and different polymer effect on the physical stability of Itraconazole nanosuspension and drug dissolution fr om the composites. Itraconazole (ITZ) suspensions were milled in a WSMM and the nanocomposite particles were produced using a co-current spray dryer. Three different polymers HPC, PVP, and HPMC were used at 4.5% (w/w) concentration to see the polymer effect and for MW effect, three grades (SSL, SL, and L) of HPC having different MW were used. Laser diffraction, SEM, UV- spectroscopy, XRPD, and DSC were used to analyze the drug suspension and composite particles. Dissolution test of the NCMPs were performed by a USP II paddle apparatus. Materials Itraconazole (ITZ), is an antifungal drug with a water solubility 0.13 mg/L (at pH-7 and 25  °C), is a sparingly water soluble drug belong to the BCS Class II was purchased from Jai Radhe Sales (Ahmedabad, India) and was used as-received condition. Three different polymers, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were used as polymers. Three grades (SSL, SL, and L) of HPC with ~40, ~100, and ~140 kDa molecular weight, respectively, were donated by Nisso America Inc. (New York, NY, USA) and used for steric stabilization. Polymeric stabilizers Methocel E3 grade HPMC and PVP Kollidon 30 were donated by Dow Chemical (Midland, MI, USA) and BASF Corporation (Florham Park, NJ, USA) respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is an anionic surfactant used as a wetting agent during dissolution and provide electrostatic stabilization in the suspension, was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Zirmil Y grade wear-re sistant yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with a median size of 430  µm (400  µm nominal size) was used as the milling media and purchased from Saint Gobain ZirPro (Mountainside, NJ, USA). Methods Wet Stirred Media Milling (WSMM) The presuspension (before milling) was prepared following the same procedure used in Afolabi et al. [32]. All the suspension formulations are tabulated below in Table 1. API (Itraconazole) concentration was kept constant at 10% (w/w) and polymer concentration was 4.5% (w/w) for all the formulation. All the concentrations are reported with respect to deionized water (200g). The formulation with 2.5% (w/w) HPC-SL and 0.2% (w/w) SDS was used as a baseline formulation, because from earlier study it was found to be the optimum for fastest and complete drug release from the composite powders. Prepared drug suspension was milled in a Netzsch wet media mill (Micorcer, Fine Particle Technology LLC, Exton, PA, USA) with 80 ml chamber; 50 ml of the chamber was filled with 400  µm (nominal size) Zirconia beads, which is the milling media and a screen with 200  µm opening was used to hold the beads into the chamber and allowing only the passage of the suspension. A shear mixer (Fisher Scientific Laboratory Stirrer, Catalog No. 14-503, Pittsburgh, PA) was used to prepare the suspension prior to transfer into the holding tank of the miller. The suspension was pumped through a peristaltic pump and was milled under the following conditions: suspension flow rate 126 ml/min, rotor speed 4000 rpm corresponding to a tip speed of 11.7 m/s. To keep the suspension temperature below 35  °C, milling chamber and holding tank both were equipped with a chiller (Advantage Engineering Greenwood, IN, USA).   All the parameters were selected from the earlier work done by Afolabi et al. [31]. To determine the breakage kinetics, particle sizes were measured at different time intervals up to 65 minutes and the suspension were refrigerated at 8  °C for one day before spray drying. Preparation of NCMPs via Spray Drying The prepared nanosuspesions were dried within a day of milling using a spray dryer (4M8-Trix, Procept, Zelzate, Belgium) running in a co-current flow set up. All the operating conditions were taken from Azad et al. [19].The suspensions were atomized at 2 bar atomizing pressure using a bi-fluid nozzle having 0.6 mm tip diameter. In each run, ~120 gm nanosuspensions were sprayed at 1.3-1.6 g/min spray rate using a peristaltic pump (Makeit-EZ, Creates, Zelzate, Belgium). Drying air was fed co-currently from the top of the column at 120  °C temperature and 0.37-0.40 m3/min volumetric flow rate. To avoid sedimentation of the drug particles during spraying, the suspension was stirred using a magnetic stirrer throughout the run. A Cyclone separator was used at 54-70 mbar differential pressure to separate the NCMPs from the outlet air stream and collecting them in a glass jar. The dried powders later on were used for powder sample characterization e.g., XRD, DSC, Rodos, and dissolutio n testing. Particle Size Analysis Particle size distributions of the suspensions were measured at different time interval during milling and after 7-day storage in the refrigerator by laser diffraction (LD) technique using Coulter LS 13 320 (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL). All the steps involved for measuring PSDs of the suspensions were followed from Li et al. [29]. During sample addition, intensity was maintained between 40-45% while obscuration was below 8%. Mie scattering theory was used to compute the volume-based PSDs in the software. Refractive index value is 1.68 for ITZ and 1.33 for deionized water (medium). Before measuring the PSDs, 2 ml suspension sample was collected from the outlet of the mill chamber and diluted with 5 ml of the respective stabilizer solution using a vortex mixer (Fisher Scientific Digital Vortex Mixer, Catalog no: 0215370, Model No: 945415, Pittsburgh, PA) at 1500 rpm for 1 min. The Particle size distributions (PSDs) of produced NCMPs via spray drying were measured by Rodos/Helos laser diffraction (LD) system (Sympatec, NJ, USA) based on Furnhofer theory with dry powder dispersion module. On the sample chute of the Rodos dispersing system, just about 1 g of the sample was placed. To feed the samples, the sample chute was vibrated at 50% settings and 0.1 bar dispersion pressure was imposed to suck in the falling powder through the sample cell of the laser diffraction system. Determination of Drug Content in the Composite Powders Drug content of the composite powders were measured by assay testing. ITZ solubility is - in dichloromethane (DCM). 100 mg of the NCMPs was dissolved in 20 ml DCM, sonicated for 30 mins to ensure all the ITZ is dissolved in the solvent and then they were allowed to sediment overnight. An aliquot of 100  µl is taken from the supernatant and diluted to 10 ml with DCM. The absorbance of all the samples was measured at 260 nm wavelength via Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Six replicates were prepared from each NCMP formulation to calculate mean drug content and percent relative standard deviation (RSD). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) SEM imaging was performed to understand the morphology and particle size of the ITZ particles before and after milling. SEM images of as-received ITZ and baseline formulation was taken using a LEO 1530 SVMP (Carl Zeiss, Inc., Peabody, MA, USA) SEM machine. Approximately, 0.1 ml milled suspension sample was placed on top of a silicon chip (Ted Pella Inc., Redding, CA, USA), and then on top of a carbon specimen holder. The sample was placed into a desiccator for overnight drying. The samples were then sputter coated with carbon before analyzing [33]. X-ray Powder Diffraction (PXRD) The crystallinity of the as-received ITZ, physical mixture of ITZ-excipinets, and spray dried powders were analyzed using PXRD (PANalytical, Westborough, MA, USA), provided with Cu KÃŽÂ ± radiation (ÃŽÂ »= 1.5406 Ã…). The samples were scanned at a rate 0.165 S-1 for 2ÃŽÂ ¸ ranging from 5 to 40 °. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) DSC of the as-received ITZ, Physical mixture of ITZ-excipients, and spray dried powders was performed using a Mettler-Toledo polymer analyzer (PolyDSC, Columbus, OH, USA). The samples were heated at a rate of 10  °C/min within a range of 25-220  °C under nitrogen gas flow. With the help of the integrated software of the machine, melting temperature Tm and fusion enthalpy ΆHm were determined. Dissolution Testing Dissolution of ITZ from the as-received drug, and spray dried composite powders were determined via a Distek 2100C dissolution tester (North Brunswick, NJ, USA) according to the USP II paddle method.   The dissolution medium was 1000 ml SDS buffer with 3.0 gm/ml concentration at non-sink condition.   The medium was maintained at 37  °C temperature and 50 rpm paddle speed.   The composites were weighed equivalent to a dose of 20 mg of ITZ. Composites were poured into the dissolution medium and manually 4 ml of samples were taken out at 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min. Aliquots of the samples were filtered using a 0.1  µm PVDF membrane type syringe filter to avoid any effect of undissolved drug during UV spectroscopy measurement. The absorbance of ITZ dissolved was measured via UV spectroscopy (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) at 260 nm wavelength. The blank was measured using SDS buffer at the beginning. The amount of drug dissolved was measured using a calibration curve generated from drug concentration vs. absorbance (R2=0.9995 with p Apparent Shear Viscosity of Milled ITZ Suspensions The apparent shear viscosity of the nanosuspension was measured by following the procedure from Afolabi et al. [32], using R/S plus rheometer (Brookfield Engineering, Middleboro, MS, USA). To impart controlled shear rate on the samples from 0 to 1000 1/s in 60 s, a coxial cylinder (CC40) was used. To control the temperature the jacket temperature was kept constant at 25 ±0.5  °C. Drug nanoparticles formation and physical stability of the milled suspensions The formulation of the milled drug (ITZ) suspensions are presented in Table 1. Drug (ITZ) nano suspension was first produced in presence of both steric and an anionic surfactant, SDS (Run 1). Due to the synergistic effect of HPC and SDS [31], Run 1 was used as a baseline to assess the impact of various stabilizers (HPC, HPMC E3, PVP k30, and SDS) in their breakage kinetics and physical stability of the resulting suspensions. This baseline formulation was found to be the optimum formulation from a previous work performed by Meng et al [29]. The molecular weight effect of HPC was then studied in absence of SDS surfactant (Run 2-4) using three different grades of HPC; SSL, SL, and L grades having molecular weight ~40, ~100, and ~140 kDa, respectively. The apparent shear viscosity of all the formulations (Run 1-7) are represented in Figure 1. Formulations with 2.5% (w/w) HPC-SL/SDS, 4.5% (w/w) HPC-SL, and 4.5% (w/w) HPC-L (Run 1, 3, and 4) are showing near Newtonian behavior, indicating the extent of aggregation is very low. 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